When Tooth Extraction is Necessary

There are two types of tooth extractions: simple and surgical. Simple extractions are for teeth that are entirely exposed and can be accessed above the gumline. Surgical extractions require an incision into the gumline or connective tissue. The type a patient needs depends on the cause and state of the tooth. Here are six reasons a dentist may recommend either type of extraction.

1. Severe decay

According to a study by the National Library of Medicine conducted and reported in 2020, cavities or caries are 52 percent of the reasons for tooth extractions. Typically, decay that reaches the center of the tooth requires a root canal. However, if the decay has progressed too far and a root canal cannot save the tooth, the dentist will recommend a tooth extraction.

2. Gum disease

Gum disease or periodontal disease is an infection that attacks the soft tissue structures surrounding the teeth. It has two phases: gingivitis and periodontitis. While gingivitis is reversible, periodontitis will need comprehensive management. Periodontitis can eat away at the gum tissue, causing it to deteriorate. It can do the same to the underlying jawbone. If the dentist determines a gum or bone graft cannot stabilize the tooth, they will recommend a tooth extraction.

3. Impaction

Impaction occurs when a tooth fails to erupt over the gumline. Its trapped position can cause pain, bulging gums, and the shifting of surrounding teeth. While any tooth can become impacted, it is often seen in wisdom teeth. Wisdom teeth are molars or back teeth that do not erupt until later in life, usually in the late teens or early twenties.

4. Fracture

There are five types of tooth fractures: craze lines, vertical root fractures, split fractures, fractured cusps, and cracked teeth. The main two that usually require a tooth extraction are vertical root and split fractures. A vertical root fracture begins at the root and travels upward through multiple layers. Split fractures are when the tooth is completely in two but still held together by the socket. Sometimes, a cracked tooth can become unsalvageable when it breaks through the pulp chamber.

5. Overcrowding

Overcrowding occurs when there is not enough room in the mouth for the teeth to stay in their correct position. In some cases, a tooth extraction may be necessary before orthodontic services to address the remaining alignment issues.

6. Tooth protrusion

Protruding teeth, or those that stick out drastically, can cause difficulties in speech, eating, and the ability to close the mouth properly. The patient may also feel pain and discomfort depending on the exact position. Therefore, the dentist may recommend a tooth extraction.